The Pharos of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, was an architectural and engineering marvel constructed during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (283–246 BC). Situated on the island of Pharos near Alexandria’s harbor, the lighthouse guided sailors safely into one of the Mediterranean's busiest ports. Designed by the Greek architect Sostratus of Cnidus, it stood between 100 and 130 meters tall, making it one of the tallest structures of antiquity. The lighthouse featured a three-tiered design: a square base, an octagonal middle section, and a cylindrical tower crowned with a mirror, likely of polished bronze, to reflect sunlight by day and amplify the light of a fire at night.

Beyond its practical function as a navigational aid, the Pharos symbolized the wealth, technological sophistication, and maritime dominance of the Ptolemaic dynasty. As a key feature of Alexandria, the lighthouse bolstered the city’s reputation as a hub of trade and culture, drawing merchants and travelers from across the ancient world. It embodied the spirit of Hellenistic ingenuity and stood as a testament to Alexandria’s role as a center of learning and innovation during the Ptolemaic era.

Despite its enduring significance, the Pharos suffered extensive damage from a series of earthquakes between AD 956 and 1323, ultimately leading to its destruction. Although no substantial remains are visible today, underwater ruins near its original location provide glimpses of its grandeur. Even in ruin, the Pharos retained its legendary status as a beacon of ancient ingenuity, its legacy enduring as a symbol of Alexandria's prominence in antiquity and its contributions to culture, commerce, and technological advancement.

Æ-Drachma, year 18 (= 133/134), Alexandria (Aegyptus); 26.48 g. Draped bust right with laurel wreath//Isis Pharia stands right with billowing sail, Pharos in front. Dattari 1767; Geissen 1124; Kampmann/Ganschow 32.589; RPC 5895.

Acquired in July 1998 from Günther Schlüter (Chairman of the German Numismatic Society from 1975-1977), Berlin; previously acquired in September 1960; Ex. MM 13, June 17-19, 1954, lot 946